| Course title | |||||
| 量子力学入門 [Introduction to Quantum Dynamics] | |||||
| Course category | technology speciality courses,ets. | Requirement | Credit | 2 | |
| Department | Year | 2～4 | Semester | 3rd | |
| Course type | 3rd | Course code | 022619 | ||
| Instructor(s) | |||||
| 内藤 方夫 [NAITO Michio] | |||||
| Facility affiliation | Graduate School of Engineering | Office | Email address | ||
| Course description |
| Quantum mechanics had emerged in the beginning of the 20th century, but not suddenly. In the end of the 19th century, it had been believed that physics would have been completed by mechanics by Newton, electromagnetism by Maxwell, thermal physics by Boltzmann, and so on. But many experimental results, which could not be understood by such classical physics, were found one after another in the late 19th century. After enormous struggles and trial-and-errors, these strange experimental results had eventually been understood systematically by quantum mechanics. It took 50 years (1875-1925) to build up a new paradigm of physics. This lecture look back to how quantum mechanics was born. First the essence of "analytical dynamics", which bridges classical and quantum mechanics, is briefly introduced. Next classical physics For example "equipartition law of energy", one monumental law of classical thermal physics, fails in some cases for gas molecules, light (electromagnetic wave), etc.. In order to solve this failure, Max Planck proposed quantization of energy in 1900 while Einstein proposed the hypothesis of light quanta. Subsequently Niels Bohr stepped forward to new mechanics in 1913, based on the quantization of the electron orbit in hydrogen, which is known as "old quantum theory". These series of new ideas will be overviewed in the lecture. The development of quantum mechanics had been accomplished in 1925-26, by the two theories: Heisenberg's matrix mechanics and Schrodinger's wave mechanics. In the lecture, you also learn how these seemingly distant theories are related and how they were reached. |
| Expected Learning |
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Students are expected to learn 1. developments of physics in 1875-1925. 2. fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics. 3. basic ideas for electron, atom, and nucleus |
| Course schedule |
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I. Establishment of classical physics (1600-1850) Newtonian mechanics Development of modern physics and science Philosophy of modern science "Mechanics" view of the world Go over mathematical mechanics - diversity of nature Development of electromagnetism and thermodynamics II. Analytical dynamics Lagrangian equations of motion Variational principle and Euler equation Hamiltonian canonical equation Schrodinger's wave equation III. Imperfection of classical physics Physics in 1850-1900 Kinetic theory of gas molecules ? equipartition law of energy Deviation from the equipartition law of energy Quantization of energy by Planck Hypothesis of light quanta by Einstein (1905) Midterm exam IV. Electron, atom, and nucleus Discovery of electron De Broglie theory - Wave nature of matter, wave vs corpuscles Atomic structure Electron orbit around a nucleus Bohr?Sommerfeld rule for quantization V. Old quantum theory Bohr's hypothesis Quantization of angular moment Bohr's principle of correspondence VI. Matrix mechanics vs wave mechanics From Bohr's correspondence principle to Heisenberg’s matrix mechanics From de-Broglie wave theory for matter to Schrodinger's wave mechanics Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle VII. Nuclei and elementary particle (Supplementary lecture?) Spin Fermion and Boson Quantum statistical mechanics Final exam |
| Prerequisites |
| Mechanics (I) (II), Electromagnetics (Ⅰ), Mathematical Physics (I) |
| Required Text(s) and Materials |
| References |
| Max Born “Atomic Physics”, (Dover Publications Inc. New York) |
| Assessment/Grading |
| Midterm exam (45%), final exam (55%) |
| Message from instructor(s) |
| Course keywords |
| Office hours |
| Remarks 1 |
| Remarks 2 |
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| Last update |
| 1/30/2020 11:17:10 AM |