Course title
山地保全学   [Mountain Conservation Engineering]
Course category	specialized courses/ major subjects	Requirement		Credit	3
Department		Year	2～4	Semester	Spring
Course type	Spring	Course code	02c2389
Instructor(s)
加藤 亮, 西田 一也   [KATO Tasuku, NISHIDA Kazuya]
Facility affiliation	Faculty of Agriculture	Office		Email address

Course description

In Experiments in Applied Chemistry II, students will conduct experimental practical training related to organic chemistry and polymer chemistry among experimental classes (I - VI) in Department of Applied Chemistry. In this course, several lab sessions are arranged in relation to the courses of Organic Chemistry I-III and polymer chemistry. In these sessions, you will conduct the experiments about fundamental molecular transformations of organic compounds and the measurements of polymer properties. Students have to write a report after each session. The lab sessions introduce students to the basic techniques used in organic chemistry laboratories and the basic experiments for investigation about polymer structure and properties. The lectures will cover the knowledge about the chemical properties of poisonous and deleterious substances. Moreover, you will learn how to manage hazardous materials, and the relevant laws to develop an understanding of safe experiments and legal compliance. Google Classroom code: o6chxg7

Expected Learning

A large number of organic substances are essential for our daily life. Although some of them can be available from nature, these are largely synthesized by chemical reactions. Upon completion of this course, students should engage in safe laboratory practices by handling laboratory glassware, equipment, chemical reagents, and products appropriately through the lab sessions. In the organic chemistry lab sessions, students will also acquire basic synthetic methods for organic compounds and searching skills for chemical and physical properties of reagents, starting materials, and products. In the polymer chemistry lab sessions, students will understand the properties of polymers, which are the indispensable materials of life. Specifically, students will learn about the thermodynamic and optical method for analyzing polymer properties, and the relation between characteristics of polymers and superstructure. Students will also acquire basic knowledge about light including diffraction, refraction, and scattering. Corresponding criteria in the Diploma Policy: See the Curriculum maps.

Course schedule

Experiments for organic synthesis (1) Course Guidance: The course preview, the safety lecture, and checking equipment in a storage box using in the lab course. (2) Photochromism: Preparation of spiropyran, and understanding the solvent effect and the kinetics of its photochromism. (3) Benzoin condensation: Preparation of benzoin by the dimerization of benzaldehyde in the presence of thiamine via formation of an acyl anion intermediate. Acquiring knowledge about the concept of umpolung and procedure for checking the reaction progress by TLC.　At the same time,reading for related English texts. (4) Reduction: Preparation of benzyl alcohol by the reaction of benzaldehyde with sodium borohydride and its qualitative identification. Learning about experimental procedures for extraction, measurement of melting point, and distillation. (5) Molecular models: Assembling molecular models of various molecules and investigating their symmetry. Based on the experiment, the relationship between their chirality and symmetry would be considered. Exploration of steric factors on acidity/basicity of the molecules. (6) Nucleophilic substitution: Nucleophilic substitution of various organic halides with sodium iodide is performed and the reaction rates are investigated. Based on these results, the relationship between the structure and reactivity of organic halides are investigated as well as the reaction mechanism. (7) Recent topic for organic chemistry: Commentary on hot and recent topic in organic chemistry. Experiment about polymer properties (1) Course Guidance: The course preview and the safety lecture. (2) Thermal properties of polymers: Understanding thermodynamic properties, phase transition of polymers and other materials. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of melting, crystallization, glass transition of polymers, and phase transitions of liquid crystals. (3) Basics of Optics: Refraction measurement to understand the interaction between materials and light. Using laser light in a safe manner, and observing spectrum from prism and diffracted light from grating. Understanding the wavelength dependence of the refractive index, and the relation between the spacing of the grating and wavelength, and between refractive index and molecular structure. (4) Light scattering from polymer solution: Scattering of light from the colloidal solution of polystyrene using a goniometer. Understanding the relation between the intensity of scattered light and concentration fluctuations of the solution. (5) Diffraction: Observing the diffraction patterns of He-Ne laser light from a circular aperture. Understanding the relation between the aperture size and the diffraction pattern. Measuring the diameter of a human hair by laser diffraction (6) Optical properties of polymers: Optical anisotropy of polymers and birefringence analysis. Acquiring basic knowledge of optical anisotropy, birefringence and principle of interference color (birefringence color). Learning how to use a polarizing optical microscope. Determination of principal axis and retardation effect by a test plate. Orientation of polymer, birefringence measurement of oriented membrane and fiber. Structural observation of spherulites and liquid crystals by polarizing an optical microscope. (7) Chemical and physical properties of polymers: Identification of unknown samples of polymers using a hotplate, tweezers, beakers, pencils, and acetone. According to the progress of the lectures, some experimental themes may be modified and/or changed.

Prerequisites

Students are required to prepare for each experiment in order to take reasonable care for your safety and for all other students. You should read the textbook thoroughly to understand the contents of the experiments (15 hours). After each experiment, you have to write an experiment report and submit within the due date (30 h). In addition to 90 hours that students spend in the class, students are recommended to perform the above task using the textbook and the references specified below. In completing this course, students will spend the standard amount of time as specified by the University. All students are required to join the Disaster and Accident Insurance for Students (GAKKENSAI).Students may not work in the lab without complete compliance with the safety policy, which will be announced at the course guidance (1st day) in detail.

Required Text(s) and Materials

The original textbook ed. by our department for lab courses. Additional handouts will be distributed in the course guidance if necessary.

References

Reference books are useful for understanding the experiments in this course and for analyzing the data. These can be available in our University Library. Organic Chemistry (7th edition), Paula Y. Bruice, Pearson (2013).

Assessment/Grading

The rate of evaluation is as follows. Standard study time set by our university is required to get the grade. Normal score (every time), 50%: efforts / participation in experiments, attitudes to learn, completeness of preparations for experiments, proficiency in experimental techniques will be evaluated. Reports (containing problems related to the experiments, assignment tests), 50%: the status of submission and the completeness of reports (that is correct understanding of experimental contents, accurate reports of experimental results, and appropriate discussion about the results) will be evaluated. Grade will be given according to the following criteria: S: ≧90 points, A: 90> and ≧80 points, B: 80> and ≧70 points, C: 70> and ≧60 points. If you have unexcused absences such as not arriving on time, and late and/or missing reports, you may not receive a passing grade. Past grade distribution 2020 S: 10%; A: 76%; B: 8%; C: 0%; D: 6%

Message from instructor(s)

We selected the experiments to be performed readily and safely for students unfamiliar with organic laboratory practices. Before each experiment, you should read the textbook thoroughly and understand the procedures and reactions to prevent the accidents, e.g. burns, cuts, fires, and chemical spills. An approved lab coat, safety goggle (or glass), and closed-toe shoes must be worn in the lab. Be careful and keep your eyes safe, especially during the optical measurement using a laser. Never endanger the safety of yourself or all other students. Do experiments with positive attitude.

Course keywords

Organic Chemistry, Molecular Transformation, Experimental Procedure, Extraction, Recrystallization, Polymer Materials Science, Phase Transition, Refraction, Diffraction, Scattering of Lights.

Office hours

A/N; Contact information will be shown in the handout distributed at the course guidance

Remarks 1

1) All reports should be submitted to the report box by the due dates listed in the lab schedule, usually 8:40 AM. 2) Attendance will be taken at 1:00 PM at all laboratory classes.

Remarks 2

Related URL

Lecture Language

Japanese

Language Subject

Last update

2/2/2023 8:44:24 AM