| Course title | |||||
| 計測・制御工学 [Measurement and Control Engineering] | |||||
| Course category | Requirement | Credit | 0.5 | ||
| Department | Year | ～ | Semester | YearLong | |
| Course type | YearLong | Course code | 96122 | ||
| Instructor(s) | |||||
| 小関 良宏, 齊藤 美佳子 [OZEKI Yoshihiro, SAITO Mikako] | |||||
| Facility affiliation | Office | Email address | |||
| Course description |
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【Instructors】Fumiaki YOSHIZAWA（Utsunomiya University）, Yuka TOYOSHIMA（Utsunomiya University） ●On October, 12, 2023 (Thu) 10:00 〜at ２F Conference room, Building 1,Mine-machi,Utsunomiya University *Classes will be changed to online classes depending on the status of COVID-19. ●This course is designed to provide students with advanced knowledge and skills in the field of animal nutrition and feed science. Proteins in the diet and their building blocks, amino acids, have been found to have the ability to regulate the metabolism of not only proteins but also non-protein macronutrients. In this lecture, the metabolic regulatory functions of proteins and amino acids and their mechanisms will be reviewed. 1. Metabolic regulatory function of amino acids Amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins, also exist in free form in cells and plasma, and it has become clear that these free amino acids play a variety of roles in the body. In the first half of this lecture, we will focus on branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), which are the amino acids whose metabolic regulatory functions have been most extensively analyzed, and review their functions in regulating body protein metabolism, glucose metabolism, and body temperature. ２. Metabolic regulatory function of protein Protein deprivation induces fatty liver and the enhancement of energy expenditure as well as growth retardation and the decreased muscle mass. These metabolic changes are mediated by a variety of hormones. In the latter half, we will focus on insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, and review how they regulate metabolisms under protein deprivation. |
| Expected Learning |
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●Understand that amino acids are not just components of proteins, but also function as biological regulators that regulate metabolism in their free form, and be able to explain their functions. ●Understand the molecular biology of insulin, IGF-1, and FGF21, and be able to explain how they exert their physiological function. |
| Course schedule |
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●Metabolic regulatory function of amino acids 1. Regulation of protein synthesis by BCAAs 1-1. Overview of translation initiation 1-2. Regulation of translation initiation by BCAAs 1-3. Signal transduction pathways required for the stimulation of translation initiation by leucine 2. Hypoglycemic effect of isoleucine 2-1. Effects of isoleucine on glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation 2-2. Effects of isoleucine on glucose uptake in peripheral tissues and hepatic glucose production 3. Thermoregulatory functions of BCAAs ●Metabolic regulatory function of protein 1. Dietary protein intake, insulin, and IGF-1 1-1. Molecular biology of insulin and IGF-1 1-2. Effects of protein deprivation on the IGF-I actions and growth retardation 1-3. Effects of protein deprivation on the insulin actions and the development of fatty liver 2. Dietary protein intake and FGF21 2-1. Molecular biology of FGF21 2-2. Effects of protein deprivation on FGF21 actions and the increased energy expenditure |
| Prerequisites |
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●Students should have an understanding of basic nutrition and feed science, as well as basic biochemistry and molecular biology. ●In addition to the 7.5 hours of class time and the time required to prepare reports and other materials, students should refer to the distributed lecture materials and reference books and complete the standard number of hours of preparation and review required by the University. |
| Required Text(s) and Materials |
| Handouts will be provided in class. |
| References |
| To be announced in the lectures |
| Assessment/Grading |
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●Attitude toward class participation 50%: Evaluation will be made based on the importance of proactive class participation. ●Submissions 50%: Evaluation will be based on the following two reports. ？Amino acids other than BCAAs that have metabolic regulatory functions are investigated and a report outlining these functions. ？Beside protein deprivation, the physiological roles of insulin, IGF-1, and FGF21 under other nutritional conditions are investigated and summarized. |
| Message from instructor(s) |
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● Since branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) act like hormones to regulate the metabolism of macronutrients, their value for use as biological regulators is immeasurable. BCAAs are truly a nutrient to watch as a next-generation biological regulator. I believe it will change the way you look at amino acids. (Yoshizawa) ●The 20th century is the golden age for endocrinology, but the research interests tend to be on decline. The molecular mechanisms by which the hormones regulate metabolisms in response to the nutritional states are hot issues to be determined even now. As an agricultural researcher, we should cherish the “normal” metabolism of “normal” animals and think these issues. (Toyoshima) |
| Course keywords |
| Protein, Amino acids, Metabolic regulator, Insulin, IGF-1, FGF21 |
| Office hours |
| Questions and comments will be accepted at the end of the lecture. Questions may also be submitted by e-mail. |
| Remarks 1 |
| Remarks 2 |
| Related URL |
| Lecture Language |
| Language Subject |
| Last update |
| 2/2/2023 12:05:50 PM |